The government’s multiculturalism policies have once again become a topic of national discussion. As immigration continues to shape Canada’s population, new policy reviews have raised questions about how diversity is managed across provinces. Supporters of these policies say multiculturalism has strengthened the nation’s identity by embracing different cultures, languages, and traditions under a shared Canadian framework. They argue that communities become more inclusive when government programs fund cultural centers, language preservation initiatives, and community events built around cultural exchange. 

However, critics contend that multicultural policies sometimes lead to fragmentation rather than unity. Conservative commentators claim these programs may discourage integration and create what they call ‘parallel communities,’ where newcomers interact less with other Canadians. They believe the emphasis should shift toward a common national identity that values English or French proficiency and civic education above cultural difference. In their view, integration ensures stronger economic growth and a more cohesive society. 

Meanwhile, a third group—composed largely of university researchers—proposes a balanced middle ground. They recognize the benefits of cultural diversity but recommend that federal funding focus more on practical integration outcomes, like job placement and education access, rather than solely cultural initiatives. These analysts stress that multiculturalism and social unity do not have to be contradictory goals. Instead, they can be complementary if policies promote both cultural understanding and equal opportunity. 

The upcoming national policy hearing will review recommendations from all sides and may lead to updated legislation on multiculturalism next year. Until then, the conversation about what it means to be Canadian continues to spark lively debate across the country.

You will hear a report about multiculturalism policies.

What benefit do supporters of multiculturalism emphasize?

According to critics, what is one drawback of current multicultural policies?

What can be inferred about the researchers’ viewpoint?

What do the researchers recommend changing about policy funding?

What is implied about the future of multiculturalism policy?

David Lee

Multiculturalism Policies in Canada

Debate continues across Canada over Indigenous rights and natural resource development. With rising global demand for critical minerals, several new projects have been proposed in northern provinces—projects that promise jobs and investment but also raise long-standing questions about Indigenous sovereignty and environmental protection. Supporters in the business community argue that these projects are essential to Canada’s economic future. They say resource extraction can provide much-needed employment in remote communities and reduce reliance on foreign energy imports. Proponents also emphasize that modern technology and regulations now make mining safer and more sustainable than ever before.

Opponents, however, warn that progress should not come at the cost of Indigenous rights. Several First Nations leaders state that land-use decisions have historically excluded their voices. They point to broken promises, environmental damage, and inadequate consultation on past projects. Many Indigenous leaders demand that communities be recognized as equal partners—not as afterthoughts—when resource decisions are made. They emphasize that consultation alone is not consent, and true partnership means leadership in the decision-making process and a fair share of climate transition benefits.

Meanwhile, environmental policy experts are calling for a strategic compromise. They argue that the country needs both economic resilience and environmental stewardship. Some propose co-management agreements, where Indigenous governments share authority with federal or provincial regulators. Others encourage direct investment in renewable energy to reduce dependence on resource extraction altogether. Their reports highlight that achieving reconciliation and sustainability will require long-term collaboration, not short-term political wins. 

The federal government has pledged to review existing consultation frameworks later this year. Whether these reforms will bring genuine change remains uncertain, but the discussion between development, ecology, and Indigenous sovereignty continues to define Canada’s political landscape.

You will hear a report about Indigenous land rights and resource development.

What is the main issue discussed in the report?

According to supporters, what is the key benefit of expanding resource projects?

What concern do Indigenous leaders express about project development?

What can be inferred about environmental experts’ stance?

How do environmental analysts propose achieving long-term progress?

What is implied about the government’s planned review?

Rachel Morgan

Indigenous Rights and Resource Development

Affordable housing remains one of the most pressing issues facing many urban areas across Canada today. Despite numerous government programs aimed at increasing housing supply and supporting low-income residents, the demand continues to far exceed availability, resulting in chronic housing shortages and rising rental costs. Experts point to multiple factors driving this crisis, including rapid population growth, limited new construction, and zoning laws that restrict development of affordable units.

Some policy advocates argue for increased investment in social housing projects and rent control measures to alleviate pressure on vulnerable populations. They emphasize that housing insecurity contributes to broader social problems such as homelessness, poor health outcomes, and reduced economic opportunity. Conversely, critics caution that overly stringent rent controls can discourage property owners from maintaining or building affordable units, potentially worsening the problem over time.

Meanwhile, urban planners suggest the need for innovative solutions that go beyond traditional programs. These may include partnerships with private developers, incentives for mixed-use developments, and reforms to zoning regulations to encourage higher-density housing near transit hubs. Additionally, there is growing support for community-led housing initiatives that empower residents to have a say in the design and management of their neighbourhoods.

As municipalities strive to balance development goals with preserving neighbourhood character and affordability, the challenge of delivering adequate housing remains complex and multifaceted. The ongoing debate among stakeholders highlights the urgency of finding practical and sustainable approaches to meet the diverse needs of Canadian urban residents.

You will hear a report about affordable housing challenges in urban Canada.

What is the main issue addressed in this report?

What do policy advocates support to help low-income residents?

What concern do critics have about rent control?

What is implied about new housing approaches?

What role do community-led initiatives play?

What challenge does the report emphasize about urban housing?

James Thompson

Affordable Housing Challenges in Urban Canada

Across Canada, new minimum wage increases have sparked a heated debate among workers, business owners, and policymakers. Earlier this year, the federal government raised the minimum wage for federally regulated sectors to $17.75 per hour, while many provinces followed suit with their own adjustments. Supporters of the wage hike argue that the move is necessary to help workers cope with inflation and the high cost of living. With food, housing, and childcare expenses rising across the country, they say that increasing wages is a moral and economic imperative that ensures Canadians can maintain basic living standards. Labour groups also claim that paying workers more will boost consumer spending and reduce reliance on social welfare programs. 

Business organizations, however, remain divided. Small business owners warn that higher wages will lead to increased operational costs, which they may have to offset through layoffs, reduced hiring, or price increases. They argue that while large corporations might absorb wage hikes more easily, smaller enterprises face tighter profit margins and less flexibility. The Retail Council and several provincial chambers of commerce have urged governments to provide tax relief or wage subsidies to offset the burden. They also caution that sudden wage jumps might accelerate automation in sectors like retail and food service, potentially reducing job opportunities for young and low-skilled workers. 

Meanwhile, economists across the country emphasize the complexity of the issue. Many agree that moderate, predictable wage adjustments tied to inflation are beneficial but warn against drastic changes that could destabilize small business ecosystems. Some researchers propose introducing ‘living wage zones,’ where wage floors reflect regional cost differences — allowing higher wages in expensive cities like Toronto and lower ones in smaller towns. Others suggest combining wage increases with targeted housing and childcare subsidies to create a more balanced approach. 

The federal government has said it will review the economic and social impact of these wage increases by the end of the year. For now, the divide between affordability advocates and business groups highlights the continuing tension between moral obligations, market realities, and Canada’s pursuit of a fair economy for all.

You will hear a presentation about a controversial wage issue.

What is the main issue discussed in this presentation?

What is the main argument of those supporting wage increases?

Why are small businesses concerned about the wage increases?

What can be inferred about economists’ views on wage hikes?

What solution do some economists propose to balance wage policy?

What does the conclusion suggest about the overall debate?

Amanda Greene

The Debate Over Minimum Wage Increases

Canada’s health care system faces significant challenges that affect access, quality, and sustainability. Overcrowding in emergency departments and a shortage of primary care providers leave many Canadians without timely access to services. Health-care workers are experiencing burnout due to increased demands and understaffing. In response, the federal government has negotiated historic agreements with provinces, investing billions to improve family health services, reduce surgical backlogs, and modernize infrastructure.

New policies have expanded insured services to include those delivered by nurse practitioners and pharmacists, aiming to increase access and reduce costs. Additionally, the launch of the Canadian Dental Care Plan has helped millions who previously lacked coverage for dental care, aiming to prevent avoidable health problems. Pharmacare initiatives also provide essential drugs free of charge to reduce financial barriers.

However, experts note that health inequities remain prominent, with Indigenous and rural populations facing greater barriers. Climate change is also placing strain on health systems, increasing demands related to heatwaves and new illnesses. Addressing these challenges requires a focus on equity, innovation, and federal-provincial collaboration.

Public discussion continues on how to balance these competing demands while ensuring that Canada’s publicly funded health care remains accessible and high-quality for all residents in the years ahead.

You will hear a report about health care in Canada.

What initiative aims to improve dental health coverage?

Which populations face greater healthcare inequities?

What can be inferred about climate change’s impact on health care?

What services have been added to the insured category under new policies?

What is the overall tone regarding Canada’s health care future?

Listening Task 6- Listening for Viewpoints

Listening Task 6 Sample #1

Listening Task 6 Sample #2

Listening Task 6 Sample #3

Listening Task 6 Sample #4

Listening Task 6 Sample #5